Methods and standards
How S4L Research turns public records into statistics: the rules every number has to pass, where the data come from, what our terms mean, how figures are checked before publication, how versions and corrections work, and what AI does in the work.
Last updated . Questions about a method or a figure: nic@s4l.io
The rules
Six rules every number has to pass. They come before speed and before a good headline: a figure that can't meet all six doesn't go in a report.
Public records only
Every figure starts from a public government dataset. For each pull we record the dataset, its ID, its address, the exact query and when it ran, and we keep the dated snapshot, so every published number can be re-run from the same records with the same scripts.
Proof before a site counts
A website counts as a company's only when the page proves it. At least one of these must be true:
- the domain matches the email address the company registered with FMCSA;
- the page shows the company's own MC or USDOT number;
- the page shows the phone number or street address on its FMCSA registration.
A search result that only shares a company's name is not proof. A match we can't prove is marked unverified and doesn't count.
We say what we tried
When we can't find something, we say what we tried and when: "we could not find a working website using [method] on [date]", never "they have no website". Search engines miss pages, brand-new sites most of all, so a miss is a fact about our search, not about the company.
Checked before publishing
A random sample of every automated result is re-checked before publishing: by a person for website findings, at least 50 results or 10% of them, whichever is larger, and against a fresh pull of FMCSA's live records for authority dates. The error rate the check found is published with the research. If the check finds errors, we fix the rule and run everything again before publishing.
Totals, never names
We publish percentages and counts only. No company, person, docket number or email address is named, and no company is scored or ranked. The working files hold names and registration emails exactly as FMCSA publishes them, and they never leave the working files.
Dated and corrected in public
Every number carries the date its data were retrieved. A published version never changes: an update is a new, dated version, and a correction says what changed, when and why, on the page and in the corrections log.
Data sources
Every source S4L Research cites, described once and cited the same way everywhere. The data sets are public and anyone can download them; they change as FMCSA updates them, so each is listed with the day we retrieved it.
Data sets
| Data set | ID | What it holds | Retrieved |
|---|---|---|---|
| AuthHist - All With History | 9mw4-x3tu | FMCSA operating authority history for every docket: grants, revocations, transfers and reinstatements. Frozen on 15 May 2026 when FMCSA moved to Motus. | 7 October 2026 |
| Company Census File | az4n-8mr2 | FMCSA's registration record for each USDOT number, including the email address on file, used for the email-type comparison. | 7 October 2026 |
| InsHist - All With History | 6sqe-dvqs | FMCSA insurance and financial-security filing history, including BMC-84 surety bond and BMC-85 trust fund filings and cancellations. | 7 October 2026 |
| Motus AuthHist - All With History | yu5v-wbh6 | FMCSA operating authority history from the Motus system, including application (Initial Status) and grant dates for authorities issued since May 2026. | 7 October 2026 |
| Revocation - All With History | sa6p-acbp | FMCSA records of involuntary and voluntary revocations of operating authority, with served and effective dates. | 7 October 2026 |
Published by Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration (FMCSA), U.S. Department of Transportation, on data.transportation.gov.
Regulations and agency guidance
| Source | Citation | What we use it for |
|---|---|---|
| Rules Governing Applications for Operating Authority | 49 CFR part 365 | Applications for operating authority, including Subpart B, "How To Oppose Requests for Authority", behind the protest period. |
| Designation of Process Agent | 49 CFR part 366 | The process-agent designation (BOC-3). |
| Brokers of Property | 49 CFR part 371 | Defines a broker (49 C.F.R. § 371.2). |
| Property Broker Surety Bond or Trust Fund | 49 CFR § 387.307 | The BMC-84 bond or BMC-85 trust fund and its "30 days' written notice" cancellation rule. |
| Broker and Freight Forwarder Financial Responsibility | 88 FR 78656 | FMCSA's final rule on brokers' and freight forwarders' financial security, including immediate suspension when a bond or trust falls below the required amount, and FMCSA's estimate of how often a broker's bond or trust is drawn down. |
| Broker and Freight Forwarder Financial Responsibility; Extension of Compliance Date | 89 FR 107021 | Moved the compliance date of the 2023 rule's financial-security provisions from 16 January 2025 to 16 January 2026. |
| How Long Does the Operating Authority or USDOT Number Application Processing Take If You File on the Internet or by Mail? | Federal Motor Carrier Safety Administration, read 8 October 2026 | FMCSA's own guidance on processing time ("20 to 25 business days" for first-time applicants). |
Earlier work cited
| Work | By | What we use it for |
|---|---|---|
| How to Vet Brokers' Credit before Taking a Load | Dills (2020) | Overdrive's average time in business among brokers whose authority was revoked in 2015 to 2019. |
| Starting a Freight Brokerage? Four Crucial Considerations | Freight 360 (2020) | The unsourced line that only one in three new brokerage authorities remains active after two years. |
| 25,000 New Freight Brokerages Were Created over Three Years | Hill (2023) | How many freight brokerage authorities granted from 2020 to 2022 were still active in November 2023. |
| Freight Broker Health Index: Data Through April 2026 | SureLoadr (2026) | Yearly counts of broker authorities granted and revoked, from the same FMCSA authority history file. |
| Freight Broker Health Index: Methodology | SureLoadr (2026) | How the index counts entries and exits, the 2013 spike in broker revocations, and the 15 May 2026 end of the authority history file. |
| Fraud in the Supply Chain | Transportation Intermediaries Association (2023) | A carrier-screening checklist for brokers that lists a free email account among its warning signs. |
| Survival of the Fittest or the Fattest? Exit and Financing in the Trucking Industry | Zingales (1997) | Exit and debt among general freight carriers as trucking was deregulated (the working paper that was read, not the 1998 journal version). |
Definitions
What our terms mean, so a figure reads the same way wherever it is quoted. Each article's method sets out the details for its own figures.
- Property broker
- A company with FMCSA operating authority to arrange truck transport of other people's freight for pay: authority type "Broker of Property (Except Household Goods)". Household-goods brokers and freight forwarders are not included.
- Year granted
- The year of a docket's earliest grant of that authority. Each docket counts once, in that year.
- Loss of authority
- The first time FMCSA records show the authority ended after the grant: almost always an involuntary or voluntary revocation, plus a few out-of-service orders and administrative inactivations. Transfers and renumberings don't count. A lost authority is not always a closed business.
- Lost within 6, 12 or 24 months
- Counted only for brokers whose whole window closed by 15 May 2026, when FMCSA moved to a new records system that has recorded far fewer revocations since. A year where only some brokers' windows closed is marked as a partial year.
- Regained authority
- A broker whose authority was later reinstated after a loss, as a share of the brokers that lost it.
- Bond or trust cancellation
- A BMC-84 surety bond or BMC-85 trust-fund cancellation that took effect shortly before an involuntary revocation. FMCSA's older records don't state why an authority was revoked, so this reason is inferred; the statistics page gives the exact window.
- Registration email type
- The email address on the broker's FMCSA registration, sorted into free providers, such as Gmail, Yahoo or Outlook, and the broker's own domain. It is the address on file in October 2026, not necessarily the one used at approval.
- Approval time
- Calendar days from the first "Initial Status" entry in FMCSA's Authority History, the application, to the grant. It includes the broker's own filings (the BMC-84 bond or BMC-85 trust and the BOC-3 process agent) and the protest period, not only FMCSA's review.
Checks before publication
Before anything is published it goes through the checks that apply to it, and what each check found is printed with the research.
| Check | What it does | Freight broker statistics |
|---|---|---|
| Live re-query | A random sample of companies is re-queried against FMCSA's live records, and each result is re-derived. | 120 brokers, 20 from each year granted 2021–2026: grant dates matched for 120 of 120 and first-loss dates for 120 of 120 (run 7 October 2026). |
| Second implementation | A second implementation, written independently from the same raw records, computes the figures again. | It reproduced the headline rates. |
| Hand-check of website findings | A person checks a random sample of every automated website classification, at least 50 results or 10% of them, whichever is larger, and the error rate found is published. | Applies to the website findings in the quarterly reports, from the first edition. |
| Figures read from the data | Every figure on a research page is read from the analysis's data export when the site is built, never typed by hand. | Every figure on the page and in its CSV. |
Versions and corrections
A published version never changes. Anything that changes a figure makes a new version, and every correction is made in public.
| What changes | What happens |
|---|---|
| A figure, table, method, definition or conclusion changes, including each quarterly update | A new version, numbered and dated, with a note in its version history saying what changed. A published version never changes, and the earlier version stays available to read and cite. |
| We find an error in a published figure or statement | We correct it and say what was wrong, what changed and when, on the page and in the corrections log. A corrected figure is a new version. |
| A typo, a broken link or the layout | Fixed in place, with no new version, and logged only if the fix changes what a sentence means. |
To quote a figure that must not change under your citation, cite the version you read. To point readers to the latest figures, cite the living page with the day you read it.
License and citation
S4L Research's figures, text and data files are published under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). You may share and adapt them for any purpose, including commercially, if you credit S4L Research, link to the license and say if you made changes. Please also link to the page you quote.
The FMCSA records behind the figures are public. Our license covers our figures, text and files, not the records themselves.
How to cite
Cite the freight broker statistics like this, with the day you read the page in place of the brackets. The page is updated every quarter.
APA 7
Perez, N. (2026, October 11). Freight broker statistics: Loss of FMCSA authority among new property brokers, its recorded causes, and time to approval (S4L Research No. 2026-001; living article). Sites4Logistics. Retrieved [Month Day, Year], from https://s4l.io/research/freight-broker-statistics
License: CC BY 4.0. Free to share and adapt, including commercially: credit S4L Research and link to the page you quote.
Independence
S4L Research is produced and paid for by Sites4Logistics, which builds websites, search and AI-search visibility for logistics companies, including the kinds of companies we measure. No company, association or government commissions or funds this work, and no one can pay to be included or left out. We use public records only, never client data, and we publish totals, never company names. We publish what the records show whether or not it helps our business.
Nicolas Perez, who leads S4L Research, is co-founder and Chief Executive Officer of Sites4Logistics, so the company has an interest in what the research finds. That is why every figure is published with its method, its sources and its data, for anyone to check.
Use of AI
S4L Research uses Claude, an AI model made by Anthropic, under the direction of Nicolas Perez. Claude writes and runs the scripts that retrieve the data and compute the figures, writes the second, independent implementation used to check the figures before publication, reviews website candidates for the reports, and drafts text.
Nicolas Perez sets the research questions and the rules, reviews the outputs, and is responsible for everything S4L Research publishes. An AI tool is never listed as an author; its part is disclosed instead.
S4L Research is published by Sites4Logistics, which builds websites, SEO and AI search visibility for logistics companies. What Sites4Logistics builds
